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太阳能行业深度研究:光伏进入平价时代 新的十年高速成长期开启?

行业观点 我们认为,光伏行业正迎来整个产业发展历史上的重要转折点,随着成本持续下降和平价上网的实现,行业成长逻辑正逐渐摆脱对政策和补贴的依赖,一个新的、自发的十年高速成长期正在开启。本报告作为平价系列报告的第一篇,对光伏实现平价后的中国市场需求做了严谨且详尽的测算。 根据我们的测算,我国光伏新增装机在2019 年实现平价后快速上升,并将在2024 年、2028 年前后迎来两次需求高峰,当年新增装机分别可达到288GW、339GW(约为2017 年的6 倍)。 基础用电需求保持较快增长是光伏装机容量提升的基础,新能源汽车渗透率持续提升、以及对存量煤电的替代提供可观的额外空间,我们预计中国用电需求未来12 年将翻番增长至13 万亿千瓦时以上。而光伏自身发电成本的持续下降则是高增长的根本动力,优质土地及屋顶资源或将成为最终制约光伏持续高速发展的天花板。 “平价”后的光伏需求增长逻辑:光伏在经历了补贴驱动和用户侧平价带来的几轮高速增长后,下一轮需求高峰将在发电侧平价与替代存量煤电条件达成后到来。(1)新建 VS 新建,2019 年发电侧平价:实现发电侧平价后,新建光伏电站将比新建煤电厂更具经济性,光伏发电将成为满足新增用电需求的首选。(2)新建VS 存量:2026 年开始替代煤电:目前我国在运的1020GW煤电厂,仍主导着6.3 万亿千瓦时存量用电需求中的2/3,当光伏LCOE 下降到低于在运煤电厂营运成本,则理论上存量煤电将面临利用率显著下降甚至提前退役,广阔的存量电力市场空间将对光伏打开。