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辟谣!美国目前并未豁免太阳能电池“对等关税”

来源:索比光伏网发布时间:2025-04-14 08:53:59 当地时间2025年4月11日晚,美国海关及边境保护局(CBP)发布关税更新指南,对《美国统一关税表》(HTSUS)中20项税目的产品免除14257号行政命令下的“对等关税”,涵盖芯片、笔记本电脑、智能手机、闪存驱动器等半导体相关产品。该豁免适用于4月5日后入境商品,已缴纳税款可申请退还。 针对媒体报道中“太阳能电池在豁免列表中”的说法,核查显示豁免清单未明确提及太阳能电池。当前主流晶硅太阳能电池税则号8541.42.0010(未组装电池)和8541.43.0010(组件电池)均不在豁免范围内。税则号8541.51.00对应的是发光二极管(LED)等半导体换能器,8541.59.00则指向非LED半导体产品,二者与光伏器件无关。 美国国际贸易委员会2024年对柬埔寨、马来西亚、泰国、越南晶体硅光伏电池发起的反倾销、反补贴调查文件显示,上述税则号产品被列为“双反”对象,进一步印证其不在豁免范围。此外,2024年美国对中国晶体硅光伏电池的第二次反倾销和反补贴日落复审终裁结果显示,相关产品仍面临高额关税。 值得注意的是,此次豁免被白宫官员解释为“为科技企业转移生产线争取时间”,但商务部长霍华德・卢特尼克4月14日明确表示,豁免属于临时措施,相关产品可能被纳入即将实施的半导体行业关税。特朗普同日在社交媒体强调,豁免不代表中国“脱身”,美国将对半导体及电子供应链启动国家安全关税调查,具体细节将于4月14日(周一)公布。 分析指出,尽管半导体领域部分产品获得关税减免,但太阳能电池等光伏产品仍受贸易壁垒制约。中国商务部13日回应称正评估影响,敦促美方彻底取消“对等关税”错误做法。当前美国73%的智能手机和78%的笔记本电脑依赖中国供应链,豁免措施或暂时缓解消费者价格压力,但长期政策走向仍存不确定性。